hypertension

Hypertension is persistently elevated blood pressure above normal, usually above 140/90 millimeters of mercury.

Essential hypertension is another name for it. It accounts for over ninety percent of cases of hypertension. In the remaining cases, secondary arterial hypertension is diagnosed. These include renal up to 4%, endocrine up to 0. 4%, hemodynamic and neurological, stress, which are caused by ingestion of iatrogenic substances. There is also hypertension in pregnant women, in which increased blood pressure is one of the symptoms of the underlying disease.

Among the different types of iatrogenic hypertension, the methods of different dietary supplements and contraceptives differ. In general, the occurrence of hypertension contributes to more than 25 combinations in the genetic code of the human body.

Causes of hypertension

When doctors talk about the cause of hypertension, they admit that the cause of its occurrence is still unclear. Therefore, this disease is also called essential or, a disease with an unclear etiology.

The theories that exist in our time and that try to explain the occurrence of hypertension are in themselves unstable and can lead a person to a hopeless situation (when all methods have been tried), without explaining anything either concretely or scientifically. The patient, to put it mildly, undergoes treatment for the sake of treatment. A person is forced to almost constantly use the help of medication to alleviate the hypertensive condition.

In the human body there is the so-called system that regulates blood pressure. It can also grow for a variety of reasons. In case of increased blood pressure, the walls of vessels such as the aortic arch or carotid artery become very tense. Because of this, the receptors located on them are irritated. The resulting stimulus, passing through the nerves, reaches the medulla oblongata. There is a vasomotor center. The activity of depressed neurons, compared to suppressive neurons, will increase, thus causing the blood vessels to dilate and causing the blood pressure to drop. In the case of lowering blood pressure, such processes occur in stark contrast. This explains the normal process of increasing and decreasing blood pressure in the human body. Without reason, the pressure will not increase. Everything in the body is interconnected.

Causes of hypertension include:

1. Obesity and overweight. People with this problem very often have increased blood pressure and consequently hypertension. As a rule, people with such disorders in the body metabolism should take it under control.
2. In five percent of patients, the causes of hypertension may be disorders of the kidneys or thyroid gland.
3. If a person is not overweight and has a slender build. He has no problems with the kidneys and thyroid gland, then the cause of hypertension may be a lack of magnesium in the body
4. Hypertension is caused in five percent of patients: adrenal gland tumor, pituitary tumor, mercury poisoning, lead, etc.

In more detail, the leading cause of hypertension in most patients is metabolic syndrome. As a rule, in such patients, the content of cholesterol in the blood is disturbed. Metabolic syndrome is defined by several reasons: an increase in waist circumference (more than 80 cm in women, more than 94 cm in men); an increase in triglycerides (so-called fats) in the blood exceeds 1. 75 mmol per liter, or the patient is already receiving medication to correct the disease; high-density lipoproteins in women should be less than 1. 3 mmol per liter, in men less than 1. 0 mmol per liter; systolic blood pressure exceeds 140 mm Hg, and diastolic blood pressure exceeds 85 mm Hg; the level of glucose in the blood taken on an empty stomach is more than 5. 5 mmol per liter. In total, if hypertension is combined with overweight, then you should check for the presence of metabolic syndrome.

In addition, the causes of hypertension are: psychological stress, diabetes, kidney and thyroid diseases, heredity also plays a role.

Symptoms of hypertension

Clinical manifestations of hypertension have no specific symptoms. Patients for many years may not guess what disease they have. They will feel a high vitality. Although sometimes they can still be overcome by periods of dizziness, weakness, sometimes dizziness. But, as a rule, these people believe that this is from overwork. Complaints arise when, as they are called, the target organs are affected. These are the organs that are most sensitive to changes in blood pressure.

The appearance of headache and dizziness in a person, noise in the head, a decrease in work capacity and memory indicates initial changes in the cerebral blood supply. Later double vision, butterflies in front of the eyes, weakness, difficulty in speaking, numbness of the hands and feet join, but at the initial level these changes in the blood supply are of a future nature.

If the stage of hypertension has gone away, then it can lead to complications in the form of a heart attack or stroke. The earliest and most constant sign of high blood pressure is enlargement (hypertrophy) of the left ventricle of the myocardium. In this regard, an increase in its mass is accompanied by the fact that the walls of the vessels thicken. First, the wall thickness of the left ventricle thickens, then occurs the expansion of the heart chamber of this ventricle. The same goes for hypertension. Alternatively, this condition may be called cardiac hypertension or hypertensive heart disease. With this form of hypertension can be joined large morphological changes in the aorta (atherosclerosis), it can expand, as a result of which it can be torn or dissected. Heart hypertension in this regard is very insidious.

A common sign or symptom of hypertension is, of course, headache. And as the most characteristic sign of this disease, with its further progression, it can appear at different times of the day (patients often complain about the time of night and the time after waking up from sleep). The nature of the headache can be just as severe or severe in the occipital region, and can cover other areas of the head as well. With hypertension, there may be swelling of the legs, which also indicate heart failure. In addition, they may be a sign of impaired kidney function.

hypertension

Hypertension is the most common disease of the entire cardiovascular system. The word "hypertension" refers to blood pressure that remains constantly elevated. Increased blood pressure occurs when there is a narrowing of arteries and arterioles.

An artery is the main transport route through which blood is distributed to all tissues of the body. In many people, the arterioles very often narrow. Initially due to spasm, and then, their lumen remains almost constantly narrowed due to wall thickness. And then, in order for the blood flow to overcome the constrictions, a greater effort is made, as a result of which the work of the heart muscle increases and a large amount of blood flows into the vascular bed. Such people usually suffer from hypertension more often.

This condition is chronic. In about 1 in 10 patients with hypertension, high blood pressure is caused by damage to a certain organ.

In these cases it is symptomatic arterial hypertension, or as it is also called secondary. About 90 percent of patients suffer from an essential form of hypertension, or as it is called primary. Patients with hypertension very often suffer from headaches.

With hypertension, hypertensive crisis is a common occurrence. There are two types of hypertensive crisis:

• The first stage of the crisis (when immediate reduction of blood pressure is required) is classified: hypertrophic encephalopathy, acute left ventricular failure, aortic dissection of the aorta, eclampsia, postcoronary arterial bypass. In some cases hypertension is observed, which combines an increase in the level of catecholamines circulating in the blood.
• In the second stage of the crisis (when conditions are required for lowering blood pressure within 12-24 hours): malignant hypertension without any special complications, high hypertension, characterized by an increase in diastolic pressure above 140 mm Hg.

Urgent cupping of the hypertensive crisis is performed in the conditions when it appears: convulsive form (hypertensive encephalopathy), crisis in the presence of pheochromocytoma, crisis in myocardial infarction, stroke, pulmonary edema, aortic aneurysm.

Studies prescribed by a physician for hypertension should include: a fundus examination, a study of renal function, a study of the heart. He may also prescribe antihypertensive therapy to patients, which will help identify complications that may occur during hypertension (hypertension).

Degrees of hypertension

To accurately diagnose hypertension, physicians must first determine the degree or stage of hypertension in a patient and make, as it were, an appropriate note on his medical record. If the diagnosis of hypertension occurred in the later stages, second or third, then the consequences for the organism may be more severe than for the first stage of the disease. But, nevertheless, few of the patients go to the doctor in the early or initial stages of the disease. And generally, few people measure their own blood pressure at home.

Determine: normal blood pressure, at which systolic blood pressure, at which the indicator is less than 130 mm Hg, and diastolic blood pressure, at which the values are below 85 mm Hg. High normal, in which the systolic blood pressure, in which the indicator is 130-140 mm Hg and diastolic pressure, in which the indicators are 85-90 mm Hg.

• Hypertension 1 degree (mild), in which the systolic blood pressure has an indicator 140-160 mmHg and diastolic pressure, in which the indicators are 90-100 mmHg;
• Second degree (moderate) hypertension, in which the systolic blood pressure has an indicator 160-180 mmHg and diastolic pressure, in which the indicators are 100-110 mmHg;
• Grade 3 (severe) hypertension, in which the systolic blood pressure is greater than 180 mm Hg, and diastolic blood pressure, in which the values are greater than 110 mm Hg.

Stages of hypertension

The first stage of hypertension - is characterized by an increase in blood pressure up to 160/100 mm, which can be within a few days or weeks. But under favorable conditions, it usually drops to a normal level.

At this stage, there are usually no symptoms of the disease. Sometimes there may be complaints of recurrent headaches, sleep problems, mild heart pain.

In the second stage of hypertension, the pressure increases to 180/100 mm. Even if the patient rests, he does not fall to a normal level. In addition to increased blood pressure, there may be a narrowing of the retinal artery, hypertrophy of the left ventricle of the heart, protein appearing in the urine during analysis, and a slight increase in plasma creatine. There may be headache, dizziness, sleep disturbances, angina pectoris, shortness of breath. With this stage can come disasters like heart attack, strokes. At this stage, it is necessary to take medication for hypertension.

In the third stage of hypertension, an increase in blood pressure to 180/110 mm and above is observed. Almost all patients experience (severe) changes in internal organs. There are frequent periods of shortness of breath, angina pectoris, heart rhythm disorders, headaches, dizziness, sleep and hearing disorders, impaired vision and memory. Development of kidney and heart failure. Strokes and heart attacks are guaranteed. Urgent treatment should be performed.

Treatment of hypertension

There are two methods of treating hypertension: drug and non-drug treatment.

There are various treatments for hypertension, but treatment should begin with the treatment of diseases whose symptoms are secondary hypertension, as well as the symptomatic components of hypertension. Non-drug treatment of hypertension consists of following a diet in which there is a restriction of salt, a favorable regime of rest and work, coping with stressful situations, giving up alcohol and smoking cessation and normalization of body weight. Only with a low efficacy of this method, drug therapy should be associated.

The purpose of drug therapy is to lower blood pressure, ie eliminate the cause of this vascular condition. At the beginning of treatment, mono and combination therapy is appropriate. When ineffective, use low doses of antihypertensive drug combinations. The first line of treatment is prescription drugs that improve prognosis.

• Blocking beta. This is an obsolete group of drugs that have a hypotensive effect by lowering heart rate and blood volume per minute. They improve the work of the heart in its ischemic disease. But a side effect of such drugs is bronchospasm, so in our time, most doctors are moving away from this method of treatment as monotherapy. And also with long-term use, they contribute to the development of diabetes and erectile dysfunction.
• Diuretics. Saluretics, drugs that remove sodium and chlorine ions from the body, are also used to treat hypertension. But most diuretic drugs provoke the excretion of potassium from the body. It is better to combine them.
• Potassium antagonists. Used to prevent brain damage. Under no circumstances should you self-medicate in case of hypertension.

Only a doctor can prescribe the right tools to treat hypertension after a properly performed examination.

In general, although hypertension is not completely curable, it can be said with confidence that good results in medication can be achieved in the coordinated work of the patient and the treating physician. It is possible to achieve a lasting improvement in the condition of the vascular system and the work of the heart, as well as to improve the level of cholesterol in the blood, which will also contribute to a good relief of the patient's condition. Adherence to the absolute instructions and recommendations of the doctor will help the patient to get rid of many of the symptoms that this insidious disease can give.

Diet for hypertension

Rational food is a diet that maintains health. It also meets all the needs of the human body for vitamins, nutrients and minerals, as well as energy.

The work of the entire cardiac system is closely related to the digestive processes. With hypertension, diet has a beneficial effect on the overall condition of the patient. A large meal can fill the stomach a lot and thus can move the diaphragm, which makes the heart work harder. Excess fluid also creates a large load. Well, if the diet is overloaded with a large amount of sodium chloride, so water is retained in the tissues of the body and this provokes an increase in blood pressure, which sometimes even leads to swelling of the extremities.

Principles of diet. nutrition: adherence to diet is considered a prerequisite - regular meals at the same time, the best way would also be to observe frequent and partial meals - three to five times a day, which is very important foroverweight; dinner is recommended to be taken no later than two hours before bedtime - a rich meal before rest provokes the accumulation of excess weight and obesity, and also contributes to disturbed sleep; food while following the diet should be varied and include products of different origins (plant and animal).

What should be limited:

• Salt. It is recommended to limit it to the minimum volumes and add a little already cooked dishes. In general, salt itself causes fluid retention in the body and contributes to the accumulation of excess body weight. When you diet, you usually take five grams a day. For an increase in blood pressure, salt is recommended to be taken as a kind of "preventative", i. e. with a reduced sodium content. It may also contain essential minerals for health such as magnesium, iodine and potassium ions. Products in which a low sodium content is found are products of plant origin: fish, cottage cheese, meat. Foods prepared like cheese or sausage contain an incredible amount of salt. It is ten times more in them than in natural meat. If the food is not salty or not salty at all, then its taste can be improved by adding cranberry, citric acid, parsley, cinnamon, cilantro or dill. Salt restriction is very important in the diet for the treatment of hypertension.
• Liquid. Reduce the volume of drink to one liter per day, including compote, soup, milk and tea. The purpose of this restriction is to discharge the work of the heart muscle and the work of the kidney. You should also limit the intake of substances that stimulate the work of the cardiovascular system. These substances include caffeine and other tonic substances. They can cause heart palpitations, high blood pressure and insomnia. Be careful with instant coffee as it contains much more caffeine than regular coffee. Animal fat intake should be limited to 25 grams per day. Hypertension and atherosclerosis are closely related. High blood pressure contributes to the development of a disease such as atherosclerosis and it itself can occur in its background. To fight this syndrome, you should reduce the consumption of animal fats, which are rich in saturated fatty acids, and replace them with vegetable oils (olive, sunflower, cotton seeds and the like). Patients should avoid eating foods that contain cholesterol (kidneys, liver, fatty meats, egg yolks).
• Sugar. Sugar restriction should be up to 40 grams per day. Its excess is involved in the development of atherosclerosis.
• Oven products. Patients with hypertension are often overweight. In this case, it is necessary to reduce the caloric content of food products, thus limiting not only the consumption of sugar, but also the consumption of jam, flour products, white bread, etc. In such cases, a very effective remedy as well. fasting days are very welcome. But again, only on the recommendation of a doctor who observes the patient. You can arrange fasting days once a week. That is, absolutely nothing to eat, just water to drink. This will greatly contribute to weight loss. You can also arrange cottage cheese days: 400 grams of cottage cheese for five doses, two cups of kefir, two cups of unsweetened and weak tea. And you can also arrange days with apples: two kilograms of apples for five doses.

You should increase your intake of the following:

• Potassium. The products it contains are very useful in treating hypertension. And there should be more of these products. Potassium improves the functioning of the heart muscle, and also helps remove excess fluid. Potassium salts can be found in large quantities in vegetables, fruits and berries, as well as in juices. They are also rich in cabbage, potatoes, squash, apricots, prunes, raisins, dried apricots, pink thighs.
• Magnesium. It is necessary to provide the body with magnesium. It, like potassium, is necessary in the treatment of hypertension. Magnesium salts have a vasodilating effect, which contributes to the prevention of vasospasm. This macronutrient is found in whole wheat bread and rye bread, as well as in oats, wheat, millet, buckwheat, barley grains, beets, carrots, lettuce, parsley, black currants, walnuts and almonds.
• Jodi. Iodine also has a good effect on metabolism and metabolism in general in hypertension. Foods that contain iodine: fish, seaweed, squid. Limit salt, providing the body with a sufficient amount of products containing magnesium and potassium salts, which are among the main features of therapeutic and preventive nutrition for hypertension.

In general, the relationship between diet and treatment should be agreed with the doctor who observes the patient, as if any prescription is violated, it can have serious consequences for the body.

Folk remedies for hypertension

Treatment with folk remedies for hypertension is very, very effective. Its effect will be more and more long-term and positive, but only if the patient leads a healthy lifestyle, as well as adheres to a strict diet.

How exactly to treat hypertension with folk remedies?

Herbal decoctions, as well as infusions for the treatment of hypertension, which are prepared according to popular recipes, doctors recommend using them for quite a long time. You can take a vacation for five or ten days every two to three months. The composition of these recipes and decoctions includes special herbs for lowering blood pressure. They also have sedative, calming, diuretic and antispasmodic effects. Such collections contain a host of certain compounds that have a beneficial effect on our body. They are called biologically active compounds. They include: macronutrients and trace elements, vitamins, phytoncides, organic acids and other substances.

Examples of popular recipes used for hypertension:

1. Peeled onions - three kilograms, flower honey - half a kilogram, vodka - half a liter, separating nuts - about thirty pieces. The method of preparation consists in squeezing the juice from the onion, mixing it with honey, adding the nut separations in this mixture. All this is poured with vodka and injected for about ten days. After that, this infusion can be taken three times a day, one tablespoon.
2. A lemon, two glasses of beet juice, a half glass of cranberry juice, a glass of vodka, 250 grams of flower honey. All this is mixed and taken one tablespoon on an empty stomach twice a day.
3. Take half a glass of honey and minced beets. Mix everything and take a tablespoon before meals three times a day for three months.

Also, bee venom has good diuretic properties and blocks vascular spasms, dilating them. This action leads to lowering blood pressure. It is therefore recommended to bite the limbs with bees twice a week.

Traditional medicine gives recommendations for the use of royal jelly and propolis. They are good powerful antioxidants, and also reduce fatigue and help cleanse the body, increase its resistance to nervous and physical stress.

In the treatment of hypertension, chokeberry fruits are also prescribed. They can be cooked in the form of jelly, compote, fruit drinks, syrups and even jam. The juice of these fruits has a great therapeutic effect, which is taken half an hour before meals three times a day.