Hypertension

The third population of the globe has signs of hypertension. Pressure with hypertension causes stenosis and vascular damage, and sometimes hemorrhagic attack on the heart. Therefore, even healthy people are extremely important to know what pressure is, what affects it, what indicators can be considered the norm, which numbers in the tonometer should serve as a signal for the onset of treatment.

The essence of the concept

Blood pressure is due to the strength of its effect on the main and peripheral vessels. Pressure indicators depend directly on several factors:

    vascular elasticity; heart contractions; Volume of heart pumped with heart for a certain period of time.

The value of blood pressure (blood pressure) is the habit of writing in the form of a relationship in which:

    Upper figure, large systolic pressure (with a contraction of the heart); Lower figure, smaller pressure - diastolic (between heart contractions).

Blood pressure can change - with a change in body position, during physical exercise, with nerve overload, at rest or after eating. If a person does not experience health problems, after a short time pressure stabilizes. With hypertension, its adult indicators are stored for quite a long time. In hypertensive patients, sharp fluctuations in blood pressure are observed. Normal after sleep, after eating can grow, then fall. Evening pressure indicators usually exceed breakfast, and at night they sometimes fall significantly.

Measurement of pressure for hypertension

By analyzing blood pressure indicators, more value usually joins the upper number. Pressure increases systolic pressure that the main risk factors for the development of cardiovascular pathologies in patients are over 50 years of age. In the vast majority of people, it grows over the years to the fact that the main arteries lose their elasticity and expose atherosclerotic plaques.

Rate and pathology

Blood pressure is an individual indicator, depending on age, surrounding conditions, accompanying pathologies, and even from the time of day. But there are moderately medical indicators. Discovering what pressure the patient has, the doctor determines - hypertension is either variant of the rate.

Blood pressure in patients over 18 years of age

Pressure Indicators, mm Hg. Art. Indicators, mm Hg. Art.   Systolic DIASTOLIC optimum Less than 120 Less than 80 Normal Up to 130 Up to 85 Normally long Up to 140 Up to 90 1 degree of hypertension Up to 160 Up to 100 2 degrees of hypertension Up to 180 Up to 110 3 degrees of hypertension Over 180 Over 110 Insulated systolic hypertension Over 180 Less than 110

Systematic pressure control will help to avoid serious consequences of hypertension, as pathological changes in the indicator will be seen in a timely manner.

Reasons for deviation from the norm

Blood pressure never changes for no reason. Its fluctuations can be caused by diseases of the cardiovascular, digestive, genitourinary system, traumatic brain damage. But not always the factors that provoke the difference are due to pathologies. Increased blood pressure indicators often occurs due to:

    allergic reactions; stressful situations; Hormonal failures; smoking; alcohol abuses; weather addiction; taking some medicines; excessive work; dehydration; eating fatty foods; excess amount of salt consumed; Hippodynamia or, on the contrary, physical strain.
fatty food as a reason for increasing pressure on hypertension

The reason for increasing pressure can be age -related changes in the body and hereditary predisposition.

Clinical manifestations

Increased blood pressure is very noticeable. The visual symptoms of pathological changes are more likely to serve:

    Acute headache (usually in the temples and the back of the head), often accompanied by vomiting reflexes; skin rash (sometimes vessels appear); Pronounced weakness, noise in the ears, flies in front of the eyes; redness of the eye protein (sometimes violation of visual acuity); dyspne; pain after sternum; chills; insomnia; heartbeat; Increased sweating.

In the presence of such symptoms, consult a doctor. Early hypertension is dangerous asymptomatic. A person sometimes doesn't even think about the fact that he can have increased pressure.

With increased pressure on the diet, it is necessary to include products that can effectively break fats and prevent thrombosis.

Diagnosis of changes

After 20 years, it is recommended to measure the pressure during exams. If it is higher than the norm, the doctor prescribes additional tests. High indicators at one time do not always indicate the presence of hypertension. The disease is diagnosed if increased indicators with some consecutive examinations, and if they are stored after three -month compliance with the doctor's instructions to adjust the lifestyle.

Self -diagnostication in the pulse

Without a medical device, it is impossible to accurately determine the pressure indicators, but the presence of adverse changes can be assumed by the pulse. With the application of the ring fingers and the index to the carbon arteries, the number of heart curves in 30 seconds must be calculated and multiply the resulting figure with two (number of beats per minute). The pulse equal to 60-80 shots is considered normal. With increased pressure, the pulse feels without difficulty. If there is a heartbeat monitor, you can use it.

Pulsometer for self -diagnosis of pressure for hypertension

Using a tonometer

Different types of tonometra are used to accurately measure blood pressure. The structures of the device are distinguished by the principle of action. Mercury's tonometters were replaced by pneumatic and then electronic devices. The latter can easily use any person who does not even have a medical education. They are characterized by compactness, accuracy and ease of use.

Typically, such tonometers indicate not only indicators of systolic and diastolic pressure, but also the frequency of the pulse. At the same time, previous measurements are "remembered" by which experts monitor the dynamics of changes in blood pressure indicators in each specific patient.

The rights of hostility

Blood pressure measurement should be approached with maximum attention. This applies to both specialists and patients themselves who independently monitor the pressure level. There are certain rules:

    The day before the measurement, you should abandon the tonic drinks and smoking; On the day of measurement, you should not use eye and nose points; Measure the pressure half an hour after eating; Before applying the tonometer shackles, the patient must take a suitable position by placing a relaxed hand on a strong strong surface; The cuff should be placed in the middle of the shoulder. From below its edge should be 2. 5 cm from the deepening of the elbow. The air tubes must extend along the middle line of the shoulder; between the cuffs, located at the same level as the heart, and the shoulder should be left the gap on which the finger is easily placed; During the operation of the tonometer, absolute tranquility must be maintained.

First, experts recommend measuring pressure on both hands, then only in what "gives" the highest indicators. If the measurement is performed outside the walls of the medical institution, the patient is recommended to make a "Accounting" notebook and enter the day, time and measurements. How often to make measurements, the doctor determines.

Possible consequences

High blood pressure with hypertension is filled with hypertensional crises - sudden jumps of indicators in criticism. Such states provoke a sharp expansion of blood vessels that can break down. In a series of consequences, hypertension is distinguished:

    eye problems (decreased visual acuity, hemorrhage); kidney failure; ischemia of the heart; heart failure; Angina pectoris; stroke; stroke; powerless; swelling of light and brain; death

At risk of exfoliation of aortic aneurysm, it is recommended to drop the pressure as soon as possible. And with cerebral disorders, this must be done without hurry, otherwise they will worsen.

High blood pressure often causes disability and even the patient's death.

Reaction at home

With hypertensive crisis (upper pressure over 200 mm Hg), you should urgently call an ambulance team and, before arriving, start taking action to eliminate the symptoms. With a moderate increase in pressure, you can act independently.

Warning measures

If signs of increased pressure occur, it is necessary to measure its indicators. Headaches, vomiting, weakness can occur for other reasons. If the pressure is really increased, it follows:

    ensure peace, pallor and silence (included in the workplace); provide access to fresh air; to lie down, raise your head (at work, if there is no way, to sit quietly); do breathing exercises (diaphragmatic respiration focused on extrusion); Massage the collar area and head (it is desirable that relatives or friends do this); Drink a diuretic soup (parsley, lingonberry, green tea or kidney, pink).

Such measures reduce the pressure slowly and are more likely to prevent the development of complications. If they do not help, you should contact a cardiologist.

Rapid effect

Patients with an active lifestyle often face the problem of rapid pressure reduction. Drug drugs can do this, but they should be used with caution - in order to avoid an overdose, very quickly reduced pressure and other complications. The attending doctor should prescribe medication. Pressure quickly and safely lowers pressure will help:

    peace; Cooling compression on the head; Warm baths for limbs (not hot! ). You can use a container of water or a heat pillow, mustard; Salting Phytochai (Valerian, Motherwort, Chamomile, Mint, Lemon Balm).

In the absence of the expected effect, the measures listed are supplemented with medication.

The first set of home

With problems regularly displayed with pressure on the composition of the home medicine cabinet, special medicines should always be.

The lack of drugs of the drug can be offset by the use of a "constant" medicine, but its effect will only be noted after an hour or two after taking. Acceptance of pharmaceuticals, follows:

    Use only the funds prescribed by the doctor; Do not mix medication; Distribute the tablets "emergency care" and not swallow; Take the medicine you lie (after you get, stay in a horizontal position for another 30 minutes). If necessary, you should get up slowly.

When accepting pharmaceuticals, it is necessary to pay attention to contraindications and side effects.

Inevitable restrictions

With increased pressure to avoid developing negative consequences, it is necessary to adhere to certain restrictions:

    Within 24 hours after pressure stabilization, avoid increasing physical activity; Avoid psycho -emotional overload, with the inevitable emergence of stressful situations, get soothing; Refuse the use of alcohol, drinks containing caffeine and smoking.

It should be excluded from the diet for fatty and highly salty foods (smoked meat, canned food - including). After normalizing the pressure for two days, the amount of fluid consumed should be limited.

The treatment of hypertension depends on the type of increased pressure as well as the stages of the pathological process. It is possible to use combined and monotherapy. After complete diagnosis and prescription of the medication, the cardiologist will make recommendations for maintaining pressure in normal, as well as for measures that are needed when there is a sharp increase.