The third population of the globe has signs of hypertension. Pressure with hypertension causes stenosis and vascular damage, and sometimes hemorrhagic attack on the heart. Therefore, even healthy people are extremely important to know what pressure is, what affects it, what indicators can be considered the norm, which numbers in the tonometer should serve as a signal for the onset of treatment.
The essence of the concept
Blood pressure is due to the strength of its effect on the main and peripheral vessels. Pressure indicators depend directly on several factors:
The value of blood pressure (blood pressure) is the habit of writing in the form of a relationship in which:
Blood pressure can change - with a change in body position, during physical exercise, with nerve overload, at rest or after eating. If a person does not experience health problems, after a short time pressure stabilizes. With hypertension, its adult indicators are stored for quite a long time. In hypertensive patients, sharp fluctuations in blood pressure are observed. Normal after sleep, after eating can grow, then fall. Evening pressure indicators usually exceed breakfast, and at night they sometimes fall significantly.
By analyzing blood pressure indicators, more value usually joins the upper number. Pressure increases systolic pressure that the main risk factors for the development of cardiovascular pathologies in patients are over 50 years of age. In the vast majority of people, it grows over the years to the fact that the main arteries lose their elasticity and expose atherosclerotic plaques.
Rate and pathology
Blood pressure is an individual indicator, depending on age, surrounding conditions, accompanying pathologies, and even from the time of day. But there are moderately medical indicators. Discovering what pressure the patient has, the doctor determines - hypertension is either variant of the rate.
Blood pressure in patients over 18 years of age
Systematic pressure control will help to avoid serious consequences of hypertension, as pathological changes in the indicator will be seen in a timely manner.
Reasons for deviation from the norm
Blood pressure never changes for no reason. Its fluctuations can be caused by diseases of the cardiovascular, digestive, genitourinary system, traumatic brain damage. But not always the factors that provoke the difference are due to pathologies. Increased blood pressure indicators often occurs due to:
The reason for increasing pressure can be age -related changes in the body and hereditary predisposition.
Clinical manifestations
Increased blood pressure is very noticeable. The visual symptoms of pathological changes are more likely to serve:
In the presence of such symptoms, consult a doctor. Early hypertension is dangerous asymptomatic. A person sometimes doesn't even think about the fact that he can have increased pressure.
With increased pressure on the diet, it is necessary to include products that can effectively break fats and prevent thrombosis.
Diagnosis of changes
After 20 years, it is recommended to measure the pressure during exams. If it is higher than the norm, the doctor prescribes additional tests. High indicators at one time do not always indicate the presence of hypertension. The disease is diagnosed if increased indicators with some consecutive examinations, and if they are stored after three -month compliance with the doctor's instructions to adjust the lifestyle.
Self -diagnostication in the pulse
Without a medical device, it is impossible to accurately determine the pressure indicators, but the presence of adverse changes can be assumed by the pulse. With the application of the ring fingers and the index to the carbon arteries, the number of heart curves in 30 seconds must be calculated and multiply the resulting figure with two (number of beats per minute). The pulse equal to 60-80 shots is considered normal. With increased pressure, the pulse feels without difficulty. If there is a heartbeat monitor, you can use it.
Using a tonometer
Different types of tonometra are used to accurately measure blood pressure. The structures of the device are distinguished by the principle of action. Mercury's tonometters were replaced by pneumatic and then electronic devices. The latter can easily use any person who does not even have a medical education. They are characterized by compactness, accuracy and ease of use.
Typically, such tonometers indicate not only indicators of systolic and diastolic pressure, but also the frequency of the pulse. At the same time, previous measurements are "remembered" by which experts monitor the dynamics of changes in blood pressure indicators in each specific patient.
The rights of hostility
Blood pressure measurement should be approached with maximum attention. This applies to both specialists and patients themselves who independently monitor the pressure level. There are certain rules:
First, experts recommend measuring pressure on both hands, then only in what "gives" the highest indicators. If the measurement is performed outside the walls of the medical institution, the patient is recommended to make a "Accounting" notebook and enter the day, time and measurements. How often to make measurements, the doctor determines.
Possible consequences
High blood pressure with hypertension is filled with hypertensional crises - sudden jumps of indicators in criticism. Such states provoke a sharp expansion of blood vessels that can break down. In a series of consequences, hypertension is distinguished:
At risk of exfoliation of aortic aneurysm, it is recommended to drop the pressure as soon as possible. And with cerebral disorders, this must be done without hurry, otherwise they will worsen.
High blood pressure often causes disability and even the patient's death.
Reaction at home
With hypertensive crisis (upper pressure over 200 mm Hg), you should urgently call an ambulance team and, before arriving, start taking action to eliminate the symptoms. With a moderate increase in pressure, you can act independently.
Warning measures
If signs of increased pressure occur, it is necessary to measure its indicators. Headaches, vomiting, weakness can occur for other reasons. If the pressure is really increased, it follows:
Such measures reduce the pressure slowly and are more likely to prevent the development of complications. If they do not help, you should contact a cardiologist.
Rapid effect
Patients with an active lifestyle often face the problem of rapid pressure reduction. Drug drugs can do this, but they should be used with caution - in order to avoid an overdose, very quickly reduced pressure and other complications. The attending doctor should prescribe medication. Pressure quickly and safely lowers pressure will help:
In the absence of the expected effect, the measures listed are supplemented with medication.
The first set of home
With problems regularly displayed with pressure on the composition of the home medicine cabinet, special medicines should always be.
The lack of drugs of the drug can be offset by the use of a "constant" medicine, but its effect will only be noted after an hour or two after taking. Acceptance of pharmaceuticals, follows:
When accepting pharmaceuticals, it is necessary to pay attention to contraindications and side effects.
Inevitable restrictions
With increased pressure to avoid developing negative consequences, it is necessary to adhere to certain restrictions:
It should be excluded from the diet for fatty and highly salty foods (smoked meat, canned food - including). After normalizing the pressure for two days, the amount of fluid consumed should be limited.
The treatment of hypertension depends on the type of increased pressure as well as the stages of the pathological process. It is possible to use combined and monotherapy. After complete diagnosis and prescription of the medication, the cardiologist will make recommendations for maintaining pressure in normal, as well as for measures that are needed when there is a sharp increase.